COMPLEMENT CONTROL - LOGICALLY STRUCTURED ENGLISH GRAMMAR: VERBS

English Grammar Notes #7:

VERBS

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DEFINITION (fragment from LSEG Definition M6)
"Verb" is the sentence element used to express the action or the state of a noun . . .

The minimal structure employed to present the verb in this page is:
1. Categories of Verbs
2. Tenses Chart
3. Verb Forms Charts

ATTENTION
These Grammar Notes are not sufficient to understand the topics presented. For accurate and detailed information we recommend LOGICALLY STRUCTURED ENGLISH GRAMMAR.

CATEGORIES OF VERBS

The verb is the most complex sentence element in English grammar; therefore, in Logically Structured English Grammar, about 180 pages are dedicated to presenting this topic.

The structure employed in LSEG to present the verb is:
1. categories of verbs
2. verb forms charts
3. personal moods
4. impersonal moods
5. irregular verbs
6. auxiliary verbs
7. modal defective verbs
8. forming verbs

LSEG is the only book in the entire world (or at least among the very few ones) to present the verb completely, in minute details. Note that there are many grammar books (some of them, even of "great reputation" since they present the notorious "modified" English grammar) where the verb is presented disastrously simplified. Just an example, in a mastodon grammar book of 1700 pages we couldn't discover not even one single verb conjugation! In addition, important moods, as are the conditional one and gerund, simply didn't exist in that book; even more, the major/fundamental indicative mood and the infinitive one were not even mentioned by name!

Note the picture on the right side: by analyzing the morphologic "structural form" of the verb, we can identify all grammatical categories listed there. Please excuse us for not presenting the real diagram, M6.1 "Categories of Verbs" from LSEG, but it is too big, and it cannot fit in this page. Not to mention the diagram M6.1 is completed by diagram M6.3, also much too big to fit this internet page.

Just to get a glimpse of grammatical categories that applies to the English verb, please take a look at the mood of the verb chart.

TENSES CHART

The following chart presenting tenses time-frame succession of the indicative mood is considered a general reference. [Attention: this topic is different form "the sequence of tenses".]

Fragment form LSEG: "tenses time-frame succession" chart.

LSEG: tenses time-fram succession

NOTE
The time-frames of the tenses are structured on four axes:
1. past
2. future in the past
3. present
4. future

VERB FORMS: SETS OF CONJUGATIONS

Considering only the forms it takes, one verb may form four sets of conjugations:
1. for common aspect active voice
2. for common aspect passive voice
3. for continuous aspect active voice
4. for continuous aspect passive voice

Fragment from LSEG: partial view of the continuous aspect active voice table (these tables are way too big).

LSEG: verb forms, continous aspect active voice

LSEG: verb forms, continous aspect active voice

Each tense of each mood is presented in LSEG according to its complete conjugations. Fragment from LSEG: present indicative conjugations.

Fragment from LSEG: equivalent-subjunctive constructions.

Fragment from LSEG: using present infinitive of impersonal moods.

AUXILIARY AND MODAL DEFECTIVE VERBS

The topics (in LSEG) associated to auxiliary and modal defective verbs are extremely important, particularly because they are presented incompletely (even erroneously) in most grammar books. Note that modal defective verbs help forming a few "equivalent-moods", which allow for a wider variety of expressions.

Fragment from LSEG: chart - the multifunctional verb "to be".

Fragment from LSEG: chart - the multifunctional verb "to be"

Fragment from LSEG: using the auxiliary verb "to let" (yes, "to let" is included into the auxiliary category, not modal defectives; the reasons for this are presented in LSEG).

Fragment from LSEG: the multifunctional verb "to be".

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