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GRAMMAR NOTES: NOUNS
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Half of the morphologic elements are grouped into the “noun cluster”;
they are: nouns, articles, adjectives, pronouns, and numerals. Nouns are
used to represent people, animals, things, and abstract notions.
Articles are noun determiners, only, and they cannot exist by
themselves. Adjectives qualify or determine nouns—again, only nouns.
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Pronouns are needed to replace the nouns in a convenient manner, in
order to avoid annoying repetitions. Lastly, numerals have a “true noun
designation” as their first nature.
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Overall, it is very important to understand noun’s nature in order
to control the complex functionality of “equivalent nouns”—other
morphologic elements working as nouns.
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The capital importance of the noun is due to the fact that it
explains grammatical category of "case". Unfortunately, many English
grammar books do not present grammatical category of case; even worse,
of those few English grammar books that do trouble to present the case, they employ
all sorts of poetical/fantastic "simplifications", instead of a simple,
logic, precise, straightforward grammatical functionality.
Without knowing the mechanism of case there is no way of understanding
Grammar (as a complex aggregate of Sentence Syntax, Morphology, Complex Sentence
Syntax, Punctuation). Anyway, it needs to be highlighted that there are
morphological
cases, and syntactical ones, as follows:
A.
Morphological cases
A1. genitive;
A2. vocative [also known as "nominative of
address"];
B.
Syntactical cases
B1. nominative;
B2. accusative;
B3. dative.
NOTE
Each case explains specific grammatical functions
(quite complex), and they
are the very definition of Grammar--of any Grammar. The point to
note is, no grammar book in the entire World (regardless of its
language) explains grammatical category of case as thorough and logic as
LSEG4 does. However, if any
person/specialist/professor/author anywhere in the World doubts our words, just
write to us: we are ready to sustain our affirmations in a public
debate!
Well now, our challenge is nothing new. Since 2005, when
Logically
Structured English Grammar was first released to the public, nobody
dared to challenge us using grammatical arguments. Naturally, we are
still waiting but . . . Anyone . . . anywhere . . . ?
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The
English noun changes its form in order to reflect correctly grammatical
category of number. Consequently, there are a few "number agreement relations"
[this is a primitive morphologic functionality] between a noun and other
morphologic elements, as follows:
A. noun -
article number agreement;
B. noun - determining adjective number
agreement;
C. (antecedent) noun - pronoun number
agreement;
D. (subject) noun - (predicate) verb
number agreement.
In addition, there are a few "gender agreement relations"
developed between:
a. noun - determining adjective
gender agreement;
b. (antecedent) noun - pronoun gender
agreement.
[As a note, the morphologic agreement relations can be way more
complex in other languages.] |
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Fragment from LSEG4: grammatical categories that are investigated when
analyzing the morphologic noun.
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Fragment from LSEG4: each grammatical category that applies to nouns is
presented in minute details in definitions, rules, graphic charts,
diagrams, tables, and exercises.
Attention: in one syntactic sentence, the meaning starts from a noun
working as "the subject". Further, the predicate describes an action
executed by the noun-subject, or a state of the noun-subject. |
In most grammar books the case of the noun is presented
disastrously simplified, due to the fact "the English noun does not change its
form for case declension".
However, the "form" of the noun has absolutely
nothing to do with grammatical category of "case"! Each
case is identified based only on "functionality". |
Fragment from L4EW: exercises from "Nouns" chapter. |
Fragment from L4EW: exercises from "Nouns" chapter.
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A complete grammatical reference, very easy to learn: Logically Structured English Grammar 4—as theory plus exercises! |
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